WUI Fire Evacuation and Sheltering Considerations: Assessment, Planning, and Execution (ESCAPE)

This updated NIST report introduces a structured methodology to help wildland-urban interface (WUI) communities assess, plan, and execute fire evacuations when time is critically limited. Drawing on lessons from the deadly 2018 Camp Fire, it outlines challenges such as unpredictable fire spread, traffic gridlock, limited shelter options, and the dangers of late evacuation. The report proposes a “decision zone” framework to guide timely evacuation or alternative sheltering actions, along with strategies like fuel management and refuge area planning to enhance life safety. It provides actionable insights for small and mid-sized communities with limited resources.