Quantum computing could change the way government agencies work, but it also brings a serious cybersecurity challenge. As quantum technology advances, it could eventually break some of the encryption methods agencies rely on to protect sensitive information.
That threat may still be years away, but the risk is already growing. Cybercriminals can steal encrypted data today and hold onto it until quantum computers become powerful enough to read it.
Carahsoft’s Quantum Buyer’s Guide for Government explores how agencies can protect their information, meet federal security requirements, and prepare for future quantum threats.
Why Post-Quantum Cryptography Matters
Government agencies manage information that must remain secure for decades. Consider classified intelligence, personal records, or sensitive financial information. Data stolen today can retain its value and exploitability for years to come.
This is the concern behind “harvest now, decrypt later” attacks.
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) offers a way to address the threat. Newer encryption methods are designed to protect information against attacks from both traditional computers and future quantum systems.
For agencies, the challenge is figuring out where to begin.
Federal Agencies Face New Quantum Security Requirements
The federal government has already started preparing for the transition to quantum-resistant encryption. National Security Memorandum 10 (NSM-10) establishes a goal of moving vulnerable national security systems to quantum-resistant cryptography by 2035. OMB Memorandum M-23-02 directs agencies to identify and inventory cryptographic systems that could be at risk.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has also finalized three post-quantum cryptography standards: FIPS 203, FIPS 204, and FIPS 205. These provide new approaches to securing encryption keys and digital signatures. Quantum readiness is no longer just a future technology discussion. It requires planning today.
Where Should Agencies Start?
One of the biggest challenges is understanding how widely encryption is used across government systems. An agency might have hundreds of applications, devices, and network connections that depend on older cryptographic methods. Replacing them all at once isn’t realistic.
Cryptographic discovery and inventory is an important first step. Agencies need to identify where encryption exists, which systems are most vulnerable, and what information needs the strongest protection. From there, they can begin evaluating quantum-resistant encryption solutions and developing a transition plan.
Another important consideration is cryptographic agility, or the ability to update encryption methods as standards and threats change. This can help agencies avoid costly system replacements every time security requirements evolve.
Technologies Supporting Quantum-Ready Government
Several emerging technologies can help agencies strengthen their defenses. Quantum-safe key management solutions help protect the encryption keys used to secure sensitive data. Quantum random number generators create unpredictable numbers that support stronger cryptographic security. Quantum key distribution uses principles of quantum physics to help securely exchange encryption keys, offering another approach to protecting sensitive communications.
These technologies serve different purposes, and not every agency will need the same approach. The right solution depends on existing infrastructure, security requirements, and the sensitivity of the information being protected.
Preparing for a Quantum-Safe Future
Government agencies don’t need to replace every system overnight. They do need a plan. Understanding current encryption risks, identifying priority systems, and evaluating available solutions can make the transition more manageable.
Quantum computing will continue to evolve, and cybersecurity requirements will evolve with it. Agencies that begin preparing now will be better positioned to protect their information as those changes arrive.
Explore the Quantum Buyer’s Guide for Government to learn more about post-quantum cryptography requirements, quantum security solutions, and practical steps toward quantum readiness.
