This NIST publication explores how modern threat actors exploit increasingly interconnected systems—especially multicloud environments, IoT devices, and edge platforms. It highlights real-world attack patterns, showing how adversaries move laterally across hybrid architectures and exploit inconsistent security controls. The report offers detailed mappings to Mitre Attack techniques and practical defensive considerations that help organizations understand where their systems are most exposed. Ultimately, it provides a clear view of how evolving infrastructures create new cyber risks and what agencies must account for as they modernize.

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| Website: | Visit Publisher Website |
| Publisher: | National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) |
| Published: | November 1, 2025 |
| License: | Public Domain |