Correctional Populations in the United States, 2023

The 2023 correctional data paints a clear picture of how the U.S. justice system continues to shift, with more than 5.5 million adults under some form of supervision nationwide. Although overall correctional counts rose slightly, the long-term trend shows a significant decline since 2013, especially within probation populations. The report also highlights notable demographic patterns—such as gender differences in parole trends and persistent racial disparities—offering a deeper look into who is under community supervision or incarceration. These insights help illustrate how correctional practices and population dynamics are evolving across states and systems.