Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2025

The Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2025 provides a comprehensive assessment of China’s military strategy, capabilities, modernization, and security activities. The report examines the People’s Liberation Army’s progress toward its 2027, 2035, and 2049 modernization objectives; growing nuclear, cyber, space, maritime, and long-range strike capabilities; increasing pressure on Taiwan; and expanding military relationships abroad. It also evaluates China’s defense spending and industrial base, artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies, military exercises, influence operations, and evolving relationship with Russia. The report highlights implications for U.S. national security and deterrence in the Indo-Pacific as China works toward developing a world-class military capable of operating regionally and globally.