Army Modernization: Air and Missile Defense Efforts Would Benefit from Applying Leading Practices

The Army is racing to modernize its air and missile defense systems in response to evolving threats from near-peer competitors like China and Russia. Through efforts like IBCS, M-SHORAD, and LTAMDS, the Army is developing layered, tech-forward defenses to protect soldiers and infrastructure. While it’s leveraging rapid acquisition pathways and boosting budgets, the GAO found that leading industry practices—like using digital twins and iterative development—are not being fully utilized, potentially slowing progress. Integrating modern design tools could help the Army better adapt, cut costs, and accelerate delivery of battlefield-ready capabilities.