U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmark

This report benchmarks U.S. solar photovoltaic (PV) system installed costs as of the first quarter of 2020 (Q1 2020). We use a bottom-up method, accounting for all system and project development costs incurred during installation to model the costs for residential, commercial, and utility-scale PV systems, with and without energy storage. We attempt to model typical installation techniques and business operations from an installed-cost perspective. Costs are represented from the perspective of the developer/installer; thus, all hardware costs represent the price at which components are purchased by the developer/installer, not accounting for preexisting supply agreements or other contracts. Importantly, the benchmark also represents the sales price paid to the installer. Therefore, it includes profit in the cost of the hardware; the profit the installer/developer receives is reported as a separate cost category on top of all other costs to approximate the final retail price paid to the installer/developer.